Game of chess and its history

Originally Publish 31 March, 2018

"Chess originated in India, where its early form in the 6th century was chaturanga, which translates as "four divisions of the military" – infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots, represented respectively by pawn, knight, bishop, and rook. In Persia, around 600AD, the name became shatranj and the rules were developed further. Shatranj was taken up by the Muslim world after the Islamic conquest of Persia, with the pieces largely retaining their Persian names. In Spanish "shatranj" was rendered as ajedrez and in Greek as zatrikion, but in the rest of Europe it was replaced by versions of the Persian shah ("king"). The game reached Western Europe and Russia, from the 9th century and by the year 1000 it had spread throughout Europe.

Around 1200, rules of shatranj started to be modified in southern Europe, and about 1475 several major changes rendered the game essentially as it is today. The oldest preserved printed chess book, Repeticion de Amores y Arte de Ajedrez (Repetition of Love and the Art of Playing Chess) by Spanish churchman Luis Ramirez de Lucena was published in Salamanca in 1497.
​
By the eighteenth century the center of European chess life had moved from the Southern European countries to France. Centres of chess life were the coffee houses of the large European cities like Café de la Regence in Paris and Simpson's Divan in London. As the nineteenth century progressed, chess organisation developed quickly. Many chess clubs, chess books and chess journals appeared." - World Chess Federation. (2009, 8 April). Game of Chess and its History [Article] - Retrived from https://www.fide.com/fide/fide-world-chess-federation.html